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Quantum Many-Body Approach to High-Temperature Superconductors: Superexchange, Doping, and Pairing Mechanisms

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1. Introduction Since the discovery of high-temperature superconductors (cuprate superconductors) by Bednorz and Müller in 1986, they have become one of the most important research topics in physics and materials science. Unlike conventional low-temperature superconductors, cuprate superconductors exhibit relatively high critical temperatures (Tc), with some materials reported to maintain superconductivity up to 164K under specific conditions. These properties enhance their potential applications in energy storage, power transmission, and quantum computing, driving continuous research efforts to develop high-temperature superconductors into practical technologies. However, the superconducting mechanism of cuprate superconductors remains incompletely understood. The conventional BCS (Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer) theory explains superconductivity based on weak electron-phonon interactions, but cuprate superconductors exhibit strong electron-electron correlations, making them difficult ...
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Innovative Drug Delivery Solution: The Integration of Microorganism Micro-Engine and Microneedle Technology

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1. Overview of Microneedle Technology and Its Limitations 1.1 Overview of Microneedles Microneedles are a minimally invasive transdermal drug delivery technology designed to penetrate the stratum corneum, enabling effective drug administration. Unlike traditional hypodermic needles, microneedles are short and fine, causing minimal pain and reducing the risk of infection by avoiding direct contact with nerves and blood vessels. This technology is widely applied in drug delivery, vaccine administration, gene therapy, and cosmetic dermatology.   1.2 Mechanism of Microneedles Microneedles penetrate the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum , and deliver drugs into the epidermis or dermis . Compared to conventional transdermal patches, microneedles enable deeper and more effective drug penetration. Microneedles can be classified into the following types: Solid Microneedles Create micro-channels in the skin for subsequent drug absorption. Improve...
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